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1️⃣ Functions in #SQL (User Defined Functions – UDF).
They are persistent objects in the database that encapsulate logic and return a result.

• Scalars → a single value (INT, DECIMAL, NVARCHAR, etc.)
• Table → a set of rows (such as a parameterized view).

They should not modify data in SQL Server (they cannot do INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE).

They are used within queries (SELECT, WHERE, FROM).